Reading food (and labels)
Marketing words on the front of the package are designed to confuse you. The real story is on the back, in the Nutrition Facts panel and the ingredient list. Five minutes of skill saves a lifetime of being sold to.
Nutrition Facts basics
- · Serving size — check it. ‘120 calories’ may be per ¼ of the bag
- · Added sugars — different from natural sugars in fruit
- · Sodium — adults aim <2,300mg/day; many ‘healthy’ foods exceed
- · Fiber — most kids get half what they need
- · Protein — anchor of fullness
Ingredient list rules
- · Ingredients listed by weight — first 3 dominate
- · If you can’t pronounce 5+ items, it’s ultra-processed
- · ‘Sugar’ has 50+ names (high-fructose corn syrup, dextrose, fruit juice concentrate)
- · Whole-food ingredient lists are SHORT
Ultra-processed food (UPF)
Foods made mostly of industrial substances you wouldn’t cook with — flavorings, emulsifiers, hydrogenated oils. Multiple large studies link UPF intake to higher rates of obesity, depression, cancer, and early death — beyond what calories alone explain.
Key takeaways from this module
- Front-of-box claims are marketing.
- Nutrition Facts + ingredient list tell the real story.
- Ultra-processed food is its own risk category.
- Whole food ingredient lists are short.